hese whistle blowers; Edward Snowden, Bradley Manning, Thomas Drake,
John Kiriakou, Stephen Jin-Woo Kim, Shamai Leibowitz and Jeffrey
Sterling have all seen the force the United States will apply to catch
and punish whistle blowers.
Edward Snowden
Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983)is a former technical contractor and
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee who worked for
Booz Allen Hamilton, a contractor for the
National Security Agency (NSA), before
leaking details of
classified NSA
mass surveillance programs to the press. Snowden shared classified material on a variety of
top-secret NSA programs, including the interception of US telephone
metadata and the
PRISM surveillance program, primarily with
Glenn Greenwald of
The Guardian,
which published a series of exposés based on Snowden's disclosures in
June 2013. Snowden said the leaks were an effort "to inform the public
as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against
them."
Snowden's alleged leaks are said to rank among the most significant
breaches in the history of the NSA.Matthew M. Aid, an intelligence
historian in Washington, said disclosures linked to Snowden have
"confirmed longstanding suspicions that NSA's surveillance in this
country is far more intrusive than we knew." On June 14, 2013, US
federal prosecutors filed a sealed complaint, made public on June
21, charging Snowden with theft of government property, unauthorized
communication of national defense information and willful communication
of classified intelligence with an unauthorized person; the latter two
allegations are under the
Espionage Act
The United States revoked his
passport and demanded that he got deported back to the U.S. The United States even
bargained with China about intelligence and Snowden.
Bradley Manning
Bradley Edward Manning (born December 17, 1987) is a
United States Army soldier who was arrested in May 2010 in Iraq on suspicion of having passed
classified material to the website
WikiLeaks.
He was ultimately charged with 22 offenses, including communicating
national defense information to an unauthorized source and aiding the
enemy.
Assigned to an army unit based near Baghdad, Manning had access to
databases used by the United States government to transmit classified
information. He was arrested after
Adrian Lamo, a computer hacker, told the
FBI that
Manning had confided during online chats that he had downloaded
material from these databases and passed it to WikiLeaks. The material
included videos of the
July 12, 2007 Baghdad airstrike and the 2009
Granai airstrike in Afghanistan; 250,000
United States diplomatic cables; and 500,000 army reports that came to be known as the
Iraq War logs and
Afghan War logs.
It was the largest set of restricted documents ever leaked to the
public. Much of it was published by WikiLeaks or its media partners
between April and November 2010
Thomas Drake
Thomas Andrews Drake (born 1957) is a former senior executive of the U.S.
National Security Agency (NSA), a decorated
United States Air Force and
United States Navy veteran, and a
whistleblower.
In 2010 the government alleged that Drake 'mishandled' documents, one
of the few such Espionage Act cases in U.S. history. Drake's defenders
claim that he was instead being persecuted for challenging the
Trailblazer Project. He is the 2011 recipient of the
Ridenhour Prize for Truth-Telling and co-recipient of the
Sam Adams Associates for Integrity in Intelligence (SAAII) award.
On June 9, 2011, all 10 original charges against him were dropped.
Drake rejected several deals because he refused to "plea bargain with
the truth". He eventually pled to one misdemeanor count for exceeding
authorized use of a computer;
Jesselyn Radack of the
Government Accountability Project, who helped represent him, called it an act of "
civil disobedience.
John Kiriakou
John Kiriakou (born August 9, 1964) is a former
CIA analyst and
case officer, former senior
investigator for the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and former
counter-terrorism consultant for
ABC News,
blogger for
Huffington Post, and author.
He is notable as the first official within the
U.S. government to confirm the use of
waterboarding of
al-Qaeda prisoners as an interrogation technique, which he described as
torture.
On October 22, 2012, Kiriakou pled guilty to disclosing
classified information about a fellow CIA officer that connected the
covert operative to a specific operation. Kiriakou thus became the second C.I.A. officer convicted of violation of the
Intelligence Identities Protection Act and
the first for passing along classified information to a reporter,
although the reporter did not publish the name of the operative.He was
sentenced to 30 months in prison on January 25, 2013 and reported to the
low-security Federal correctional facility in Loretto, Pennsylvania to
begin serving his term on February 28, 2013.
Bruce Riedel, a former intelligence adviser to
Barack Obama who
turned down an offer to be considered for CIA director in 2009, has
sent the President a letter signed by eighteen other CIA veterans urging
that the sentence be
commuted.
Kiriakou received a prison "send-off" party at an exclusive
Washington, D.C. hotel hosted by political peace activists dressed in
orange jumpsuits and mock prison costumes. In 2012, Kiriakou received
the
Joe A. Callaway Award for Civic Courage for standing up for constitutional rights
Stephen Jin-Woo Kim
Stephen Jin-Woo Kim is a Senior Analyst at the Office of National Security at
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He previously had a career in academia and government service.He lives in
McLean, Virginia.
Kim was charged him the
Espionage Act for allegedly disclosing to a reporter that
North Korea might
test a nuclear bomb.
His defenders argue that such disclosure is both harmless and
commonplace in Washington, and that the charge against him is excessive
and unprecedented.
He was born on August 15, 1967 in
Seoul,
South Korea. His family moved to New York in 1976. He attended
Fordham Preparatory School, a Jesuit school. For college he went to the
Georgetown University School of Foreign Service (1989). He tried out
Wall Street but found the work did not suit him. Following that, he attended
Harvard for a
master's degree in
national security (1992), and then
Yale for a
Ph.D. in
diplomatic and
military history (1999). He authored a book based on his dissertation. He has also extensively studied philosophy and literature.
After graduation, he went to work at the
Center for Naval Analyses, where he analyzed U.S. operations in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. After the
September 11 attacks, he moved to the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory where he focused on
North Korea. He briefed the
Defense Policy Board on his work, as well as
Kissinger,
Hadley, and
Cheney. He also worked at the
Office of Net Assessment under the
Secretary of Defense, analyzing Chinese nuclear issues.
In 2008, he went to work as a contractor at the
State Department at the
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance. There he was Senior Advisor for Intelligence to the
Assistant Secretary of State for Verification, Compliance, and Implementation. He studied North Korea's nuclear program, especially its claims of dismantling its equipment. He also participated in nuclear
war games at the
Naval War College
Shamai Leibowitz
Shamai Kedem Leibowitz is a lawyer and blogger who was convicted under the
Espionage Act of 1917 for leaking information to a blogger.
Leibowitz worked as a contract
Hebrew linguist for the
Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) monitoring wiretaps of the
Israeli embassy in
Washington, D.C..Leibowitz
said, “During the course of my work I came across wrongdoings that led
me to conclude this is an abuse of power and a violation of the law. I
reported these violations to my superiors at the FBI who did nothing
about them. Thereafter, to my great regret, I disclosed the violations
to a member of the media.”He became concerned about communications he
heard indicating a potential attack on
Iran by
Israel and
illegal influence-peddling by the Israeli embassy, and leaked
information to Richard Silverstein who runs a blog, Tikun Olam: Make the
World a Better Place. He was sentenced to 20 months in prison, although
the proceedings were so secret at the time that not even the judge knew
specifically what he had leaked.
His grandfather was Israeli intellectual
Yeshayahu Leibowitz.
Jeffrey Sterling
Jeffrey Alexander Sterling is a former
CIA employee, who was indicted and subsequently arrested under the
Espionage Act for allegedly revealing details about
Operation Merlin to journalist
James Risen
Jeffrey Alexander Sterling joined the CIA on 14 May 1993, and in 1995
became Operations Officer in the Iran Task force of CIA's Near East and
South Asia division. He held a Top Secret security clearance and had
access to
Sensitive Compartmented Information, including classified cables, CIA informants and operations. After training in
Persian in 1997 he was sent first to
Bonn,
Germany, and two years later to New York City to recruit Iranian
nationals as agents for the CIA, as part of a secret intelligence
operation related to the weapons capabilities of Iran. In April 2000,
Sterling filed a complaint about racial discrimination practices by CIA
management with CIA's Equal Employment Office. The CIA subsequently
revoked Sterling's authorization to receive or possess classified
documents concerning the secret operation, and placed him on
administrative leave in March 2001. After the failure of two settlement
attempts, his contract with the CIA was terminated on 31 January 2002